D.E. Pakhomov, K.S. Nazarov, S.S. Voronich, N.N. Roeva, S.A. Yankovsky, Yu.S. Shadskaya, A.G. Khlopaev, O.A. Orlovskaya
The article is devoted to specifi c urban soils as object of the natural environment. It provides a modern defi nition of the notion «soil», submission of V.V. Dokuchaev on the factors of soil formation, including parent material, climate, living and dead organisms, geologic age and topography, it is noted the special role of anthropogenic activity. In addition, the submission considers in detail the issues related to the major morphological features of the soil (structure of the soil profi le, the power and its separate horizons, color, mechanical composition, structure, addition, tumors and inclusions); their classifi cation according to granulometric composition and type; General, physical and mechanical, water, air, thermal and agrochemical properties. Highlighted features of urban soils, which include the inclusion of construction and household debris in the upper horizons; neutral or alkaline reaction; high contamination with heavy metals and oil products; reduced moisture content, increased bulk density and a dense, stony; the growth profi le up due to the constant introduction of different materials and intense Aeolian deposition.
Keywords: Urban soils; factors of soil formation; phase; morphological and granulometric composition; physical and agrochemical properties.
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